Background and Objective: Iraq-Iran war has been negatively affected the VICTIMS and their family members' quality of life. Especially the VICTIMS' spouses who provide care and give assistance to them who suffer from different difficulties due to living WITH persons WITH disability. The aim of this study was to assess health related quality of life in CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS WITH OPHTHALMIC DAMAGE' spouses.Materials & Methods: A group consisting of 149 female was surveyed. The 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) questioner was used to measure quality of life. Demographic data was collected using another questionnaire. Results: the average of the CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS WITH OPHTHALMIC DAMAGE' spouses were 40.9±8.48. The highest and lowest mean scores in the study population were found for physical functioning (66.5±23.29) and body pain(45.78±23.70) respectively. The qualities of life of the spouses were significantly lower than Iranian female normal population (p<0.05). Unemployment other injuries in survivors were significantly accompanied WITH poorer health related quality of life in the spouses.Conclusion: The spouses' quality of life is negatively affected by the VICTIMS' CHEMICAL injuries. To orient the services regarding to long-term effects of CHEMICAL WARFARE injuries can improve the quality of life in this group. To provide better social support for the VICTIMS' spouses -as their main caregivers- can improve both the VICTIMS' and their spouses' quality of life.

Background and purpose: Chronic lung disease related to mental disease. Tthis study was applied to assessment of mental health condition in CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS WITH Bronchiolitis Obliterans.Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, were selected 93 CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS WITH bronchiolitis obliterans referred to respiratory clinic of Baqyatallah hospital by no probability and convenience sampling method for research. Data was accumulated by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and analyzed WITH SPSS statically software.Results: Average of general health score of samples was 20.32±6.43. over of 77% of samples hadn`t desirable general health. There was a significant difference between psychological disorders and undesirable general health (p<0.05). Persons WITH high levels of education have better general health.Conclusion: Undesirable mental health as one of the health dimensions suggested necessity of special attention to this problem for health promotion in CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS.

Introduction: This study was to evaluate the vicarious or secondary post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Sardasht CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS' wives. Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 306 persons were analyzed in two case (150 wives of Sardasht CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS) and control (156 wives of Sardasht normal families) groups. A 39-query Mississippi questionnaire was filled for each person in order to evaluate the severity of PTSD. Results: The total Mississippi degree was 128.68±12.67 in CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS' wives and 111.27±21.21 in control group. The prevalence and severity of PTSD in CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS' wives were sensibly more than the control group. The total Mississippi score in CHEMICAL VICTIMS (case group's husbands) was higher than normal people (control group's husbands). Conclusion: According to high prevalence and severity of this disorder in CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS' wives, it is necessary to follow up and treat the involved cases.

Background and Purpose: The injury of CHEMICAL WARFARE was one of great problem in soldiers and other people in our country. Unfortunately, we do not have any data for delayed effects of these agents. Thus in this study we examine the effect of CHEMICAL WARFARE on function tests in CHEMICAL agents VICTIMS in Golestan province.Materials and methods: This study was done on 144 CHEMICAL agent VICTIMS WITH mean age 44.54±7.84 years in Golestan province. After filling the questionnaire, hematologic tests (WBC, RBC, Hb, MCV, Plt) were done. Data was analyzed using student t-test and chi-square test.Results: In this study the mean age of VICTIMS was 44.54 years and the mean time passed from exposure was 21.6 years. The mean of blood hematologic indices in all of CHEMICAL agent VICTIMS was normal.Conclusion: In our study after twenty years of exposure, hematological indices of CHEMICAL agents VICTIMS in Golestan province was normal. It is recommended to assess side effect of CHEMICAL weapon in VICTIMS of war by conducting more comprehensive studies.

Objective: Exposure of DNA to sulfur mustard gas may increase the inheritance of asthma in CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS' (CWV) offspring. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma in children of CWV and compare it to asthmatic children in the general population.Methods: Four hundred and nine children from 130 CWV fathers and 440 children from 145 asthmatic parents from two cities in Iran participated in this study. The prevalence of asthma was determined by standard questionnaire released for epidemiological survey of asthma in children and compared between two groups.Findings: The prevalence of asthma in the CWV group was 15% this was not significantly different from the control group (12.5%). The children of the CWV group reported a significantly greater incidence of wheezing (1.2±3.1 attacks) per year, but the control group reported more severe attacks leading to speech difficulties (3%) and coughing (7%). Regression analysis showed that WITH increasing family size in the control group, the number of subjects suffering from asthmatic symptoms decreases significantly (r=0.86, P=0.001).Conclusion: CHEMICAL agents may increase the prevalence of asthma in the offspring of CWV.

Introduction: Bronchiolitis has the major effect on patient's daily living. This study applied in order to the assessment of the quality of life in CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS WITH bronchilitis obliterans.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, were selected 93 CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS WITH bronchiolitis obliterans referred to respiratory clinic of Baqyatallah hospital by convenience sampling method for research. Quality of life was measured WITH St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.Results: Mean of scores of symptoms, activity and impact domains and global scores was 85.56, 77.38, 68.5 and 74.25 ordinary. Quality of life was significantly correlated WITH percent of CHEMICAL injury and reverse correlation WITH FEV1. Persons WITH diploma and up education and employees have better quality of life.Conclusion: This findings show sever decrease of quality of life in this individuals. Lower quality of life related to decrease of FEV1 and affected to eye, skin and psychology disorders show global attention to promotion of the quality of life in CHEMICAL WARFARE victim WITH bronchilitis obliterans.

Background and Objectives: The use of CHEMICAL weapons produces widespread and indiscriminate casualties. The acute and chronic effects of these agents have been reported and documented. The purpose of this study was to assess quality of life in CHEMICAL attack survivors in Sardasht, Iran. The quality of lives of CHEMICAL VICTIMS were compared WITH the quality of lives of a general population sample. The impact of demographic characteristics and severity of disability on quality of life were examined too.Materials and Methods:The sample of the study consisted of 232 CHEMICAL attack survivors and 100 individuals as a control group. Data were gathered by interviewing and studying medical files. The interview schedule consisted of demographic information and quality of life scale in which physical, psychological and social aspects were measured. Information about medical consequences of CHEMICAL weapon exposure and severity of disability were obtained by studying medical files. Results: CHEMICAL victim group consisted of 76 female and 156 male subjects. Females comprised 38% of control group. The mean age was 41.05 11.1 and 37.26 11.24 for CHEMICAL victime group and general sample population respectively. The results showed a decline in quality of life scores of CHEMICAL VICTIMS in comparison to the general population sample (p=0.00001). There were significant correlations between the life scores and occupation or education. A significant negative correlation was also found between the severity of disability and quality of life scores (p=0.0001).Conclusion: Late adverse effects of CHEMICAL weapons can cause some limitations in physical, psychological and social aspects of ones life and diminish the quality of life.

Aims: Iraq used CHEMICAL weapons in the war WITH Iran, in military and civilian areas. Due to the long-term effects of these weapons, Considering over 35 years after this eight-year war, the number of CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS is increasing. This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS by province. Instrument & Methods: This descriptive-analytical research study was done using data obtained from the General Department of Statistics and Information Technology of the Martyr and Veteran Affairs Foundation. The data of CHEMICAL casualties includes the number; place of residence, gender, and type of injury in 2021 that were analyzed using SPSS 20 and ArcGIS software and Moran's test. Findings: The total number of veterans in 2021 was 601330; 10.7% of them were CHEMICAL VICTIMS. Tehran (11%), Isfahan (9.67%), and Khorasan-Razavi (6.92%) provinces had the highest, and Hormozgan (0.39%), South-Khorasan (0.66%), and Sistan & Baluchistan (0.77% provinces) had the lowest. The spatial distribution of CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS showed a cluster pattern. Conclusion: The consequences of Iraq's use of CHEMICAL weapons can be seen in all of Iran’s provinces, and all provinces have CHEMICAL VICTIMS. Tehran, Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, Kerman, West-Azerbaijan, and Khuzestan have more CHEMICAL VICTIMS than other provinces.

Aims: Sexual dysfunction is one of the most important factors that can play a fundamental role in the individual and social health and adjustment of people. CHEMICAL injury is one of the cases that can be considered as a serious factor in the occurrence or aggravation of sexual dysfunction by causing organic and psychological changes in male and female VICTIMS. The purpose of this study was to identify sexual dysfunctions in CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS in Sardasht city. Participants & Methods: This qualitative phenomenological research was carried out in 2018 using grounded theory method among all CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIMS in Sardasht city. At first, Hurlbert Index of Sexual Desire (HISD) was distributed among the identified individuals and 60 CHEMICAL VICTIMS (30 females and 30 males) WITH low score were selected by purposive sampling method for participation in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. All interviews were recorded and then transcribed, and finally the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi’ s seven step process and grounded theory method. Findings: The core code for "multiple sexual disfunctions" included 9 selected codes. Selected codes were identified WITH their primary and secondary concepts. Conclusion: Identified sexual disfunctions include disorder in initiating sexual relations, lack of sexual arousal, lack of perception of sexual pleasure, sexual organ dysfunction, lack of sexual desire, impotency, erectile dysfunction, multi-faceted disorder in ejaculation and masturbation.